I want to learn more about the different grades of porcelain. I understand that the basic break down is between hard paste, soft paste and bone china. In terms of non-bone china, there appears to be a continuum between hard paste and soft paste, depending on the type of white rock used, the amount and quality of kaolin and the incorporation of additives like glass.
I heard that one way to tell the level of hardness is by checking the texture and porosity of the unglazed bottom rim. If it is very hard using high quality material, this bottom rim would consistently feel smooth and almost rock like with almost no "sandiness" in the texture. Additionally, it would not stain/discolor or get dirty readily because it would have very low porosity.
Edit:
I found a lot of useful information about this in the mud and leaf blog:
https://www.mudandleaves.com/teatime-bl ... -porcelain